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In africa, an effectof topography and climate has been to
In africa, an effectof topography and climate has been toa) encourage rapid industrialization of the interior
b) prevented the development of Kingdoms
c)promoted large-scale trade between Africa and Asia
d) promoted the growth of diverse Societies
Final answer:Topography and climate in Africa have greatly influenced the availability of resources and the viability of settled agriculture, leading to the growth of diverse societies rather than promoting rapid industrialization or preventing the development of kingdoms. Option a.Explanation:The influence of topography and climate on the development of societies in Africa is significant, directly affecting the availability of resources, agricultural potential, and the establishment of trade routes.In well-watered regions like the savannas and the fringes of the continent, settled communities thrived, thanks to favorable conditions for growing populations over time.However, in more arid regions such as the transitional belts separating savannas from deserts, the environment has encouraged nomadic lifestyles and the herding of animals, with limited capacity for large-scale farming and hence, less possibility for the growth of large, centralized states.Trade has played a vital role in uniting the continent, especially through the brisk trade in gold, salt, and slaves. This economic activity fostered connections between Africa and other parts of the world, such as Asia and Europe.Moreover, it led to the growth of city-states and empires that were enriched by taxing trade routes and fostering diplomatic relationships more than territorial conquests.Throughout history, Africa has seen the rise of diverse societies and powerful empires, even in areas not traditionally conducive to state-building due to the ecological constraints.The aforementioned factors suggest that the effect of topography and climate in Africa has been to promote the growth of diverse societies.Settlement patterns, agricultural practices, and trade networks all have been greatly influenced by these geographic and climatic conditions, which have also contributed to the variety of cultures and political structures across the continent. Option a is correct....